#Ban dat toc tien 2.5 hecta drivers#

In the case of marine turtles, this use is controversial. However, by using a multi-index model, I was able to predict the status of 33 of 58 RMUs, of them 57% may be of threatened conservation status due to their high CECi values.Ĭonsumptive use of threatened species, such as marine turtles, is one of the main challenges for environmental and conservation entities. I found that using only the HDI as a proxy to assess the conservation capacity of the governments was weak. I evaluated the conservation status of marine turtle RMUs in relation to the socio-economic situation of the region for each RMU. I then used the most recent conservation status of 15 recently IUCN assessed RMUs to predict the conservation status of the 43 RMUs without updated IUCN categorisation. To do this I developed a Conservation and Enforcement Capacity index (CECi) by integrating (1) the economic level of each country (defined by the United Nations) (2) the HDI (World Economic Situation and Prospects database) and (3) the risks and threats identified in the RMU framework. In chapter 2, I aimed to (1) evaluate the conservation capacity and enforcement within the 58 regional management units (RMUs) of the seven species of marine turtles throughout the world, using the Human Development Index (HDI) and economic levels as proxies and (2) to predict the conservation status of 43 marine turtle RMU by merging several indices.

Human societies are closely linked to their ecological environments and the conservation capacity of a country’s government plays a key role in the protection of marine turtles.

#Ban dat toc tien 2.5 hecta drivers#

To achieve my aim, I assessed four research objectives:ġ) Evaluate how socio-economic drivers and legal frameworks affect the level of protection of marine turtles worldwide Ģ) Identify and understand the conservation conflicts that impact marine turtle protection initiatives in the Caribbean basin ģ) Assess the historical and current demographic status of marine turtle stocks in the Gulf of Venezuela andĤ) Study the scale of use, cultural component and value of marine turtles to Wayuú Indigenous people, especially as a medicinal resource. Hence, in this thesis I evaluate human dimension aspects that affect the conservation status of marine turtles, and to improve our understanding of the relationships among human societies and wildlife conservation. In relation to marine turtle conservation, there are significant knowledge gaps in relation to people and their role in conservation. Numerous scholars have studied the relationship between poverty and its impact on the ecosystem condition, and the importance of environmental education and legal frameworks in successful conservation initiatives to improve enforcement and maintain relationships among traditional people and their environments. In part because we lack essential knowledge on species life-history, distribution or abundance, but also because threats are generally anthropogenic and we lack detailed understanding of the human dimensions of conservation. Five case studies of hunting related to positive or critical consequences to conservation are examined: Italy, Wetlands, Oregon (USA), the Safari Club International, and trophy hunting in sub-Saharan Africa. In any case, the aware hunter must contribute to conservation but also concern himself with the economic, social, and cultural problems of those who live in the areas within which he hunts. Trophy hunting needs special attention because there are several critical elements but also various reasons to support a coexistence with WLC. This includes anti-poaching surveillance, monitoring, local community projects that seek improvement in residents’ social conditions (economic and cultural), and coexistence with ecotourism. The most significant with regard to its impacts on wildlife, on the environment, and on local communities is ICH. Typical hunter figures are described: venator dominus (owners, etc.), venator socius (associated to a specific district), and venator emptor (who buy rights from time to time). Four forms of coexistence between hunting and WLC are examined: non-impactful, impactful and eliminatory, impactful but resilient, and impactful but contributory hunting (ICH). Coexistence of hunting and wildlife conservation (WLC) is possible if hunting world includes itself in a process of social maturity, which is not only economic but also cultural and educational, to develop a new environmental awareness.